The Sahara Desert is one of the world's biggest hot deserts and the third-largest desert behind Antarctica and the Arctic. It is situated in North Africa, it surrounds big segments of the continent - surrounding 9,200,000 square kilometres which is similar. The Sahara Desert is the tropical desert in the world with a rugged climate. The annual rate of temperature is 30 degrees Celsius although the hottest temperature might be 58 degrees Celsius. The region gets low amount of precipitation, as a matter, half of the Sahara Desert gets precipitation of below 1 inch every year. At night the temperature in the Sahara Desert can be -6 degrees Celsius. Snow falls daily on various eminences even in the Sahara Desert. The Sahara Desert covers a magnificent 9.2 million square kilometres, equal to China and makes up 8% of the land. Most of the parts of the Sahara Desert is created by infertile, rocky highlands, mountains and dry valleys. Except the Nile River the rivers and streams found in the Sahara Desert are periodic. There are around twenty lakes in the Sahara Desert, majority of the lakes are saltwater. Lake Chad is the only freshwater lake found in the Sahara Desert. Emi Koussi a volcano is the highest apex situated in the Sahara Desert in Tibesti Mountains, Chad. Other mountain ranges in the region are the Aïïr Mountains, Saharan Atlas, Adrar des, Iforas, Hoggar Mountains, Tibesti Mountains and the Red Sea hills. Notwithstanding the rugged climate, the Sahara Desert is the habitat of variety of plants and animals. Palms, acacias and grasses are found in the Sahara Desert. These plants have adjusted to the desert surroundings by creating deep roots that enable them to connect with the water near the surface. The Sahara Desert is the habitat for camels, scorpions, snakes and lizards. Camels are well adjusted to the desert surroundings, because they can stay without drinking water for a long period of time and can store fat in their humps to use as energy. Several kinds of fox such as the fennec fox, pale fox and Rüppell's fox are found in the Sahara Desert. The addax, a large white antelope can survive in desert for a year even without drinking water. The Sahara Desert is a habitat to an amount of human settlement involving the cities of Cairo, Egypt; Tripoli, Libya; and Algiers,Algeria. These cities are situated on the margins of the desert and depend on water from the rivers or underground water to live. People stay in conventional mud houses that keep them cool during the day and warm during the night. They depend on conventional cultivation methods such as irrigation, to cultivate crops in the desert. In the Sahara Desert people speak mostly in Arabic language. Apart from Arabic language Beja language is spoken in the Afro-Asiatic region. Consultation with nearby clients was held primarily in Arabic language which was the long established language of administrative affairs. The Haratins, are thought to largely plunge from indigenous ancient black populations that stayed in the Sahara Desert.
